ส่งบทความเข้าประกวดคร้าบบบบบบบ
The Bridge over the River Kwae
   The Bridge over the River Kwae was built during the Great Pacific War when Japan declared war on the United States of America and England, later became a part of World War II. The bridge was begun in October, 2485 B.E. (1942 A.D.) and completed in October, 2486 B.E. (1943 A.D.) On 16th September, 2485 B.E. (1942 A.D) the Japanese army signed the contract with the Thai government to build this strategic railway from Thailand to Burma (now Mynmar). The railway started from Nongpladuk station about 5 kilometres from Banpong railway station, and it crossed the River Kwae Yai at Ban Thamakham in Muang district of Kanchanaburi province. (In those days the place was called “Ban Tha Maa Kham” meaning “horses crossing”.) The railway was laid northward passing through Kanchanaburi for about 4 kilometres along the River Kwae Yai, and at the bridge it made a sharp curve going along with the River Kwae Noi passing through the Thai-Burmese border at Three Pagodas Pass connecting the Burmese railway at Thanbyuzayat station. The total length of the railway was 415 kilometres: 303.95 kilometres in Thailand and 111.05 in Burmar. The prisoners of war taken from Malaya, Singapore, Indonesia and other countries in the Pacific region were forced to build the railway. They were put on the train in the south and got off at Banpong station. They had to walk for 51 kilometres to get to kanchanaburi. The prisoners of war comprised British, Australian, Dutch soldiers as well as Malay, Chinese, Vietnamese, Indian Burmese, Javanese labourers totaling nearly two hundred thousand. The railway construction was very laborious and difficult as it had to go through thick jungles and high mountains, and dangerous animals were everywhere. The most difficult part was that they had to build the bridge over the River Kwae. The arduous task continued all days all nights amidst hunger and dangerous disease like malaria. The brutality of the war took over 100,000 lives of prisoners of war and labourers. Hence, the railway was called, “The Death Railway.”
   The Japanese army chose to build the bridge at Thamakham because the soil structure was solid and suitable. To speed up the work, the Japanese army built a temporary wooden bridge about 100 metres from the present one to transport construction materials. It took three months to complete. The present iron bridge spans were brought from Indonesia. The 300 metre bridge consisted of 11 iron spans and the other parts were made of wood. The total construction time was only 6 months, and the total distance was 415 kilometres. The official opening date for the railway was 28th November, 2486 B.E. (1943 A.D.) The wooden bridge was later dismantled as it blocked the water way. During the war, the Bridge over the River Kwae was heavily bombarded by the allied planes. The spans 4-6 were damaged and unable to operate. Finally, Japan surrendered on 15th August 2488 B.E. (1945 A.D.). After the war was over, the British government sold the railway and all railway- related materials to the Thai government at the price of 50 million baht. Later, the State Railway of Thailand repaired the bridge and replaced it with two iron spans and the 6 wooden parts were replaced by iron spans as well. The bridge has been in use up to the present time.

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หุหุ มาทัน
Natural beauty and safe clean environs at
Huay Tung Tao : Chiang Mai’s largest lake
Even though it is the hottest time of the year the joyful Song Kraan festival makes April in Chiang Mai one of the most delightful times as well . People come here to cool down and have lots of fun with water and visit its and popular tourist spots from all over . And a good place to cool down is Huay Tung Tao ,  a 2,460 rai reservoir of which 600 rai have been set aside as a tourist area . The land was donated  by His Majesty , the king , and developed in to one of  Chiang Mai’s tourist attractions which the locals call    “ Chiang Mai’s fresh water lake ” .
To meet the various needs of the many people who visit the lake each year Huay Tung Tao has been developed into the number of zones . There is a zone for finishing , where people are not allowed to play in the water or swim . There is a zone in which to relax where one can calm down and in which alcohol , gambling or any any obscene activity is forbidden. There is the popular white sand beach where people can play in the water and engage in many activities . There is the Adventure Park with a jump tower 34 feet high for those who like a challenge . For a fee of  150 baht you can go on the jump and receive a certificate and a pin badge . But if you just want the challenge of the jump with out the certificate you only have to play 50 baht . Those who come in a group can play paintball as a team . There are 14 gun with colorful bullets for the players . You get the first 50 shots for 250 bath. In addition , there are all terrain vehicles for those who are more adventurous. The tour lake you 40 kilometers in to the hills over all terrain taking short cuts to Doi Suthep . Prices start from 150 bath .
Also , at Huay Tung Tao there are various kinds of accommodation for rent such as low price rooms or tents . For people who want camping activities there are staff on hand to help you arrange all the activities, accommodation , food , and there is also the insurance against accident if you get hurt in the area .
In the near future , Huay Tung Tao will be developed and upgraded to improve its quality . There will be a fine restaurant , a spa , an internet café and children’s playground . It is open 06.00 – 18.00 hrs . If you do not know where to go this summer why not visit Huay Tung Tao , or “ Chiang Mai’s fresh water lake ” , as we call it .

อะอันนี้แถมให้ น่าจะใช้ได้นะขอรับ
VISIT LOEI, TO SEE PHE TA KHON AND FOGGY SEA@PHURUA   
   Loei, the highest province of Esan, also known as the city of the foggy sea, the coolest place in Siam, and the city of flower blooming. Loei is surrounded with beautiful landscapes. It is misty on the top of the mountains. The weather is cool and that is why flowers and plants are beautiful in Loei.
Loei weather used to drop to zero degree Celsius and that is why many tourist like to go to mountains in Loei. Phu Kradueng, Phu Rua, and Phu Luang are very popular; moreover Loei traditional and cultures are also different from other parts of the country. For example, Pee Ta Khon festival of Dahn Sai District always attracts many Thai and foreign visitors every year.
   If anyone wants to see the harmonious of the rising sun and the foggy sea in the morning, I want to recommend Loei’s Phu Rua national park. With the height 1,365 meters above the sea, Phu Rua is cool all year round. From December to February the temperature can be dropped to -4 degree Celsius which causes the frost on the grass. (Also known as “Mae Ka Ning”). I feel lucky that I was one time at the coolest place of Siam.
   Phu Rua national park covers the areas of Amphur Phu Rua and Amphur Ta Lee of Loei. The north part is next to Laos. Phu Rua has unique shape which looks like a ship’s head. Part of the park is a natural pine forest conducive to travel in the cool season. There are plenty of observation points, waterfalls, rock gardens, and caves. Wild animals can be found such as bears, deers, wild pigs, monkeys, and etc. In winter, watching bird migration take place is one of the most exciting and interesting things to do.
   When I was at Phu Rua, I walked to “Lone Noi” cliff, the best point to watch the sun rises, From here, I could clearly view Phu Luang, Phu Krang, and Phu Pha Sad, After that, I walked along the 700 meters of nature trails to the highest point of the national park. There is also the public transportation serviced with 10 Baht fee.
   Some stones have interesting shapes like turtle, dish, and etc. All kinds of wild plants are fascinating such as Kradum Ngern, Prophu, Daoruang Phu, orchids, Auang Ma Wing and Auang Nuan Chan. Phu Rua is also known as city of flower blooming because the cool weather makes plants and flowers beautiful all year round.
   One regulation for visitor who wants to pay respect to Prathat Sri Song Rak’s is “not to wear red” or “not using any red flowers” or read things because villagers believe that red is the color of blood and it refers to war and fighting. They believe that Prathat was build for the truth and peace.
   Every year, there is an important festival to celebrate Prathat Sri Song Rak called “Din Daen Sak Sit Sue Mit Mai Tree”. (The Holy Land of Friendship). On that day, villagers will bring “Ton Phueng” made from 2 feet x 2 feet triangle shape bamboo deforated with Dok Phueng (made from candles) and flower to pay respect to Prathat. There is another important celebration, but unfortunately, I missed it, because it was not the period of festival
   Bun Luang and Phee Ta Khon festival are usually celebrated in late June to early July. It is the event that includes Bun Pra Vetch fair and Bun Bung Fai together, I didn’t get a chance to see it; however, there is a city museum displays the history of Bun Luang and Phee Ta Khon festival for educations, Besided, there is a model of Prathat Sri Song Rak nearby.
   Even though I was in Loei for a short vacation, I realized that Loei is a fascinating place, Loei’s natural is beautiful and still conserved. Phu Kra Dueng, Phu Rua, and Phu Lung are exciting for all the explorers. And beyond that, the Esan cultures are lovely and entertaining. I would like to emphasize the phrase “Amazing Esan is really amazing”

Credit: คัดลอกมาจาก นิตยสาร Star ON TOUR No. 19
Column: On Tour Thailand Northeast
โดยคุณ อรรถวุฒิ, คุณ อนงค์นิตย์ เลื่อนประไพ, คุณ สุพัตรา จุฬารักษ์
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